It is the least diversified group of mammals but, as old South American endemics, they constitute a good model for understanding the biogeographical and diversification patterns present in South America. The evolution of the Order Xenarthra was bound to South America as they have been considered to be representatives of the initial mammalian stock in this continent. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. 2012-2014 GI 11220110100233 and Fondos iBOL-CONICET Argentina and Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica of Argentina ( ) PICT-R 2004-74, PICT 2010-1853. Accession numbers of new sequences are included within Table 1.įunding: This work has been financially supported by the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas of Argentina ( ) PIP No. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper. Received: JAccepted: DecemPublished: January 11, 2018Ĭopyright: © 2018 Poljak et al. PLoS ONE 13(1):Įditor: Tzen-Yuh Chiang, National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN We offer an alternative explanation: long distance colonization, based on null genetic variability, paleontological record and evidence of alternance of cold/arid and temperate/humid climatic periods during the last million years in southern South America.Ĭitation: Poljak S, Ferreiro AM, Chiappero MB, Sánchez J, Gabrielli M, Lizarralde MS (2018) Phylogeography of screaming hairy armadillo Chaetophractus vellerosus: Successive disjunctions and extinctions due to cyclical climatic changes in southern South America. To explain the disjunct distribution, a hypothesis of extinction of the species in intermediate areas due to quaternary climatic shift to more humid conditions was proposed. vellerosus seems to be a low vagility species that expanded, and probably is expanding, its distribution range while presents signs of genetic structuring in central areas. The older linages are distributed in the north-central area of the species distribution range in Argentina (i.e. Screaming hairy armadillo phylogeographic pattern can be addressed as category V of Avise: common widespread linages plus closely related lineages confined to one or a few nearby locales each. Two new geographic records that expand known distribution of the species are presented one of them links the distributions of recently synonimized species C. We found 17 polymorphic sites resulting in 15 haplotypes. Variation of partial sequences of mitochondrial DNA Control Region (CR) from 73 individuals from 23 localities were analyzed to carry out a phylogeographic analysis using neutrality tests, mismatch distribution, median-joining (MJ) network and paleontological records. In this study we describe the phylogeography of the screaming hairy armadillo Chaetophractus vellerosus, discuss previous hypothesis about the origin of its disjunct distribution and propose an alternative one, based on novel information on genetic variability. Females are usually smaller than males, but both of them become heavier by winter because of accumulated fat.Little is known about phylogeography of armadillo species native to southern South America. The length of its tail is from 90 to 175 millimeters. Meanwhile, the head and body length of this animal is from 220 to 400 millimeters, and the weight is 84 kilograms on the average. The animal's belly and limbs are full of light brown or whitish hairs. These hairs protrude outward from the body armor's scales. More hair, however, grows on the Screaming Hairy Armadillo compared to other species of armadillos. Its carapace has a banded part with 6 to 8 bands movable from a total of 18. This armor includes the head shield, the shield on the neck's back between its ears, and the carapace protecting its back, shoulders, rump, and sides. This is a shell composed of scutes or plates of thin bones. The Screaming Hairy Armadillo has a built-in protective armor just like other armadillos. The burrows are about a meter deep and extend to about several meters in length to protect the armadillo from the excessive heat of the sun. It digs burrows in the desert, preferably in sloping sand dunes and also in savanna, grassland, and even scrub forests. It is found in the western regions of Bolivia and northwestern areas of Argentina, especially in Monte Desert. The Screaming Hairy Armadillo (Chaetophractus vellerosus) is a burrowing mammal that belongs to the family of Dasypodidae.
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